Vegetable peotein glue and pbocess oe making



AIKH a's Al x (Ii m {415m If) wwutaj Agent? I R na i/ UNITED STATES PATENT DFFICE IRVING F. LAUCKS AND GLENN DAVIDSON, OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, ASSIGNORS TO I. F. LAUCKS, IN GORPORATED, 0F SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, A. CORPORATION OF WASHINGTON t nted Apr 1 VEGETABLE PROTEIN GLUE AND PROCESS OF MAKING- No Drawing. Original application fi1e 1 2etober 2 2, 1923, Serial Ng fil gil. Divided and this application filed October 4, 1928. Serial No. 310,427.

The art of making a water-proof glue from certain protein materials has been known for some time; thus casein and blood albumin are in common use. These last mentioned compounds, however, have a number of disadvantages from a practical standpoint. Casein is costly and lack of uniformity in the material as derived from various sources is a serious detriment; while blood albumin is not available except in certain situations. There is accordingly a great demand, particularly in the veneer industry where large quantities of glue are consumed, for anew glue that will be cheap and at the same time sufiiciently water-proof.

By water-proof, in this connection, it is not meant that glues thus characterized will resist the action of water indefinitely, but it is meant that they are water-proof in the sense in which the term is used in the veneer industry, viz., that a panel can be soaked in cold water for from seventy-two to one hundred hours, or in boiling water for eight hours, without separation.

Vegetable compounds have not, so far as we are aware, been heretofore satisfactorily employed as a basis for water-proof glues of the type in question. It is true that some veneer makers, on account of the high price of casein, have come to use starch glues but these, at least as heretofore made, are not at all water-proof, and vegetable proteins have not heretofore been used at all, so far as We are aware.

Te have now discovered, however, that by subjecting tl e same to proper treatment, such ve etable proteins or vegetable matter contaming proteins in proper. amount. can be converted into a water-proof glue that will satisfy the rigid requirements of veneer making. The requisite raw material may be derived from a number of sources and the treatment of such is relatively sim e and inexpensive so that as a result are able to produce a satisfactory glue a much lower cost than has heretofore been possible.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends. the invention, then, consists of the combination of ingredients or composition of matter and the steps involved in the preparation of such composition hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, it being understood that such disclosed ingredients and steps constitute but several of the various ways in whiich the principle of the invention may be use We have found that sova bean flour coustitutes an admirable raw material or our purpose. Such flour is preferably made by grinding soya bean cake so that 80 per cent. will pass a 100 mesh screen and when treated with certain chemicals, or other substances, we make therefrom a very satisfactory glue that meets the requirements of the rived from this source for we hate made satisfactory glue by our improved process from a low grade wheat containing approximately 10 per cent. protein and there are many other vegetable materials containing protein in amounts that may be utilized with proportionately good results.

Soya bean flour made from sbva bean cake from which the oil has been expressed. is preferably used in practice because it is pheaper and makesa better glue, but flour made from wholesoya beans, without expressing the contained oil, may also be used, although obviously this would not be economical in view of the value which attaches to such oil. it is not necessary that the meal be ground as fine as indicated above, but fineness is desirable from a practical standpoint.

WVhen the usual chemicals employed in making casein glue, viz., lime and sodium sil- 95 icate. are added to a ve' e a le protein-contaming material, for example, so a bean flour. a glue results. but it 1s not as good as casein glue. It is not as highly water resistant nor as workable. We find, however,

As to the fineness of the flour.

by the use of caustic soda with such vegetable protein-containing matter, a much better glue is obtained, such caustic soda apparently playing the part of dispersing the colloidal material. The resultant glue is then somewhat similar in its working properties to casein glue, although its water resistance is still slightly less.

Preferably we react on our vegetable protein-containing material with both caustic soda and lime. As equivalents of suc 1 caus- 1c soda, caustic potash and ammonia may be used, although more expensive. Similarly in place of lime. magnesia, barvta and stront i a may be used as equiva en 5.

In order to improve the working properties, e. g. the spreading and flow, of the glue produced as aforesaid as well as the water resisting properties. we have found it desirable to add other substances of which the following are examples Sodium dichromatg. Equivalents would be 0 ier me a 10 (1c iromates or chromates.

Carbon bisi ilhde. Equivalents would be other sulfu r compoi'mds of like properties or constitution.

Co )per sulfate. )must hquivlilen s u pounds of copper.

Ouehracho. s

i iese are a 1 comanning agents. Equivalents would be other vegetable tanning agents.

Cresvlic acid. quiva ents wou e 0 her Sodium silicate. or other soluble silicates. Ros soaium or calcium so as of rosin.

Equivalen s won c be other resin or resin a combinations with metals.

Carbon b1sulfide imparts yer; reat water r s er salts and v L chloma e v the lue mo able W lle ai' the same time impm'hn r creased w e ce. Theta q s iese salts are all related iiithat they are combinations of a strong alkali metal base with a weak acid and there are a numher of other salts that fall in the same category and which have a similar effect. so need not be listed in detail.

As examples we may cite the following typical formulae (1) Mix 30 parts sova bean Q91 1 with 120 :26 parts 18 per cent.

)hos hate. sodium perborate and sodium sul; I

fife Il parts water; add 13 parts of 18 per cent. caustic'rso'd'a'solution and mix; 5 parts caron )isul j are then added and stirred \i eTlT to this 3 parts calcium hvdratc are added and A1 rrnumi J); a stirred 111; then 15parts water glass EFOdIUlH silicate) are stirred 1n; na y, a c part c0 )er sulfate to 5 parts of water and stir in.

11s nizi'liefs the finished glue, which is then spread on panels, for example, put under pressure for several hours, whereupon the pressure may be released.

(2) Mix 30 parts sova beap figur. 5 parts rosin. 1 parts copper sulf at e. 1 part g ggbrachg together dry; add 90 parts and caustic oda solution: stir well; add 6 parts calclum hydrate in 15 parts water; then adm p d rts first glass. giving finished glue.

(8) Mix 30 parts sova beagj ou r 5 parts es /2 P JQPPQTiL H lE: /2 p seeinifii hreaa 'b lit.er.- 1 p svlYc a'c'i dKQG parts 18 per cent. gaustic SIB-(IE s oIiitio'hTb parts calciurn hvdrafg e iii fi p'aits water, 15 parts y atgrglass. he caustic soda in general may range fi dih 2 to 5 parts, on the dry basis, to about 30 parts of soya bean flour.

The particular order in which the several ingredients are admixed together in the formulae just given may be varied, and it is not necessary that the manufacture of the product be completed in a single continuous operation, but as a matter of practice we have found it desirable in certain cases to mix only certain of the ingredients initially and then add the others just before the glue is required for use. Thus, the soya bean flour, lime, rosin and potassium dichromate are mixed dry, and in this form shipped to the veneer plants. In the latter such dry product is then mixed with water, caustic soda solution and sodium silicate in the form of water glass, thereby making the finished glue.

It will also be-understood, of course, that the foregoing formulae are typical and that many variations are actually made therein in the compounding of our improved glue.

It will be noticed that in the foregoing, lime and alkali metal salts are used in conjunction. In the composition, these tend to react together, forming as the products of their reaction caustic soda and an insoluble lime salt. Additionally, as seen, we employ also caustic soda as such. If caustic soda be used as such for the entire requirements, there is a tendency for the product to have less water resistance than with development of caustic soda through reaction. On the other hand, if all of the caustic soda be developed by reaction, it would have to start from nothing and with such low alkalinity, there would be trouble due to foaming tendency and poor consistency which are not overcome later when the maximum possible alkalinity develops. If the reaction between lime and an I06. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING OR PLASTIC.

part of the interval of time. Tmjqlgg earl es of the glue re aratio t ere sa t are dry mixed with the seed flour, there is a great retardation in the rate of reaction between lime and alkali metal salt. This may be explained by reason of the fact that vegetable seed flours contain oil, and this oil has been found to migrate to any lime or alkali metal salt particles which are admixed dry with the flour and allowed to stand in contact. Accordingly, it will be noticed that our method provides some caustic soda at the start of the mixing, and then attains further the advantages of the reaction between the lime and the alkali metal salt, thus avoiding the various difficulties encountered when the caustic soda is provided by either procedure alone. Moreover, as seen, the amount of lime employed is in excess of that which a molecular reaction between lime and alkali metal salt would require, and by providing this excelzss, we further the water resistance of the g ue.

This application is a division of our application Serial No. 671,381 filed Oct. 29, 1923. (Patent No. 1,689,732.)

Other modes of applying the principle of our invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the process herein disclosed or the materials employed in carrying out such process provided the stated ingredients and steps or the equivalent of such stated ingredients or steps be employed.

We therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as our invention 1. A glue composition, comprising a proteinous vegetable seed flour treated with an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth hydroxide, and an alkali metal salt capable of reacting with alkaline earth hydroxide in the presence of water to form an insoluble salt of the alkaline earth.

2. A glue composition, comprising soya bean flour treated with an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth hydroxide and an alkali metal salt capable of reacting with alkaline earth hydroxide in the presence of water to form an insoluble salt of the alkaline earth.

3. A glue composition, comprising a proteinous vegetable seed floud treated with an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali earth hydroxide, and an alkali metal salt capable of reacting with alkaline earth hydroxide in the presence of water to form an insoluble salt of the alkaline earth, the alkaline earth hydroxide being in excess of molecular reaction proportions with the alkali metal salt.

4. A glue composition, comprising soya bean flour treated with an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth hydroxide, and an alkali metal salt capable of reacting with the alkaline earth hydroxide in the presence of water to form an insoluble salt of the alkaline earth, the alkaline earth hydroxide being in excess of molecular reaction proportions with the alkali metal salt.

5. A glue composition, comprising the reaction products of soya bean flour and caustic soda as such, in the proportions of about 30 parts of soya bean flour and 2 to 5 parts of caustic soda as such. and the reaction products of lime and an alkali metal salt capable of forming an insoluble salt with the lime in the presence of water sufiicient to produce glue of spreading consistency.

6. A glue composition, comprising the reaction products of soya bean flour and canstic soda as such, in the proportions of about 30 parts of soya bean flour and 2 to 5 parts of caustic soda as such, and the reaction products of lime and an alkali metal salt capable of forming an insoluble salt with the lime in the presence of water sufficient to produce glue of spreading consistency, said composition including also an excess of lime over molecular reaction proportions.

7. A glue composition, comprising the reaction products of soya bean flour and caustic soda, in the proportions of about 30 parts of soya bean flour and 2 to 5 parts of caustic soda as such, and the reaction products of 3 to 6 parts of lime and about 15 parts of water glass in the presence of water suflicient to produce glue of spreading consistency.

8. The process of making a glue, which comprises treating a proteinous vegetable seed flour with an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth hydroxide, and an alkali metal salt combinable with the alkaline earth hydroxide to form an insoluble compound with the alkaline earth, in the presence of water.

9. The process of making a glue, which comprises treating soya bean flour with an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth hydroxide, and an alkali metal salt combinable with the alkaline earth hydroxide to form an insoluble compound of the alkaline earth, in the presence of water.

10. The process of making a glue, which comprises treating a proteinous vegetable seed flour with an alkali metal hydroxide. an alkali metal salt combinable with an alkaline earth hydroxide to form an insoluble compound, and a proportion of alkaline earth hydroxide in excess of the molecular reaction proportions with such alkali metal salt, in the presence of water.

Examine 11. The process of making a glue, which comprises treating soya bean fiour with an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal salt combinable with an alkaline earth hydroxide to form an insoluble compound, and aproportion of alkaline earth hydroxide in excess of the molecular reaction with such alkali metal salt, in the presence of water.

12. The process of making a glue, which comprises treating soya bean flour with caustic soda, water glass and lime, in the presence of water, in the proportions of about 30 parts of soya bean flour, about 15 parts of water glass, and about 3 to 6 parts of lime.

IRVING F. LAUCKS. GLENN DAVIDSON. 

